What are the genetic tests?

​These are tests that check the existence of specific genes in their DNA that are responsible for certain diseases in dogs. Dogs have around 19,000 genes, and there are variations of these healthy genes (abnormal) that, when inherited from both parents, can be the cause of manifestation of certain diseases.

How does it work?

Each puppy gets a copy of each gene - one from dad and one from mom. These two genes inherited can be the same (healthy copies) or altered (abnormal copies).
The existence/activation of certain diseases will depend on the combination of these two genes, as explained below:

• Clear – The puppy received healthy copies from each parent and is expressed as N/N. The puppy does not have the disease.

 

• Carrier – The puppy received one healthy copy from one parent and an abnormal from the other. It is expressed as N/Acronim of the disease. These dogs will not have the disease active and are only carriers of one of the abnormal genes.

 

• Affected – The puppy received two abnormal copies of the genes (one from the father and one from the mother) and is affected by the disease. Dogs from this category should only mate with other dogs that have two clean copies to ensure their puppies will never be affected by the diseases.

In sum, the perfect conditions for a healthy puppy is that they have either "Clear” or “Carrier” and never "Affected".

What are the Genetic Diseases?

CNM – Centronuclear Myopathy
It is a progressive muscular disease that causes exercise intolerance, difficulty in eating, and limited motor control, resulting in an unusual gait.

EIC - Exercise-Induced Collapse
It is a neuromuscular disease characterized by exercise intolerance. After intense exercise, dogs exhibit uncoordinated walking but without pain. The episodes typically last about 5-10 minutes, and they usually recover within 15-30 minutes.

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HNPK - Hereditary Nasal Parakeratosis
It is a disease that affects the nose and muzzle of Labradors. Somewhere between 6 to 12 months of age, affected dogs begin to develop various dry gray or brown crusts, and sometimes painful fissures. Over time, the nose becomes depigmented and are more prone to infections.

Pra-prcd - Progressive Retinal Atrophy, Progressive Rod-Cone Degeneration
It is a disease that affects the vision of Labradors and typically begins to manifest around 4 to 6 years of age. From that point onward, they start to lose their vision due to degeneration of the rods and a type of cone in the retina related to both day and night vision.

Source

DM - Degenerative Myelopathy
Degenerative myelopathy is a serious disease that affects the spinal cord, resulting in progressive weakness of the limbs leading to paralysis. It affects most dogs between 4 and 14 years of age. In the early stages, detecting this disease is challenging due to symptoms that resemble osteoarthritis.

Cystinuria
It is a renal disease related to issues in the reabsorption of cystine, resulting in an abnormal accumulation of cystine in the urine. This leads to the formation of cystine crystals and 'stones' in the kidneys, which can also be a source of bacterial infections. All together, these factors may lead to severe problems, including renal failure.

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